It is not always good to use any power cord or charger as long as it works; using the wrong one can potentially damage your device, affect its battery life, or pose a safety hazard.
The critical factors to consider are the voltage, amperage, and polarity ratings, which should ideally match the device’s original specifications.
Key Considerations for Chargers and Power Cords
- Voltage (V) must match: This is the most important factor. If a charger provides a higher voltage than your device is designed to handle (e.g., plugging a 5V device into a 12V charger), it can cause serious damage to the internal circuits, overheating, and potentially fire. If the voltage is too low, the device may not charge at all or run poorly, but damage is unlikely.
- Amperage (A) can be equal to or higher: A device will only draw the current (amps) it needs. It is generally safe to use a charger with a higher amperage rating than your device requires (e.g., using a 2A charger with a device that needs 1A). However, using a charger with a significantly lower amperage rating than needed can cause the charger to overheat or fail, as the device attempts to draw more current than the charger can safely supply.
- Polarity must be correct: For chargers with barrel connectors (not USB), the polarity (center positive or center negative) must match the device’s requirements. Reversing the polarity can easily damage the device. USB chargers use a standard, so this is not a concern for them.
- Quality and certification: Cheap, uncertified chargers or cables often lack proper safety mechanisms and voltage regulation, increasing the risk of power surges, short circuits, or fire hazards. Always look for certified chargers from reputable manufacturers (e.g., MFi certified for Apple products, or UL/CE certified).
- Physical condition: Never use a power cord or cable that is frayed, has exposed wires, or is damaged, as this is an electrocution and fire risk.
Summary Table of Risks
| Scenario |
|---|
| Scenario | Risk to Device | Risk to Charger |
|---|---|---|
| Voltage too high | High (potential permanent damage/fire) | None (if within charger’s rating) |
| Voltage too low | Low (may not work) | Low (potential overheating) |
| Amperage too high | None (device draws what it needs) | None (if within charger’s rating) |
| Amperage too low | Low (slow charging) | High (potential overheating/failure) |
| Wrong Polarity | High (potential permanent damage) | High (potential permanent damage) |
| Low-quality/fake | High (inconsistent power delivery, fire risk) | High (inconsistent power delivery, fire risk) |